上海市闵行区公众结核病知识信念行为调查分析

Investigation on knowledge,attitude and practice in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Minhang district of Shanghai

目的了解上海市闵行区公众结核病防治知识信念行为现状,为进一步加强结核病健康教育提供科学依据。方法利用多阶段分层系统随机抽样方法抽取闵行区2个镇6个居委的1200名年龄在12～65岁之间的常住居民进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷1174份(男548人,女626人)。结果居民结核病核心信息总知晓率为50.9%,五条核心信息中知晓率最高的为89.2%,最低项为12.7%;不同人群间各条核心信息知晓率不同,核心信息3知晓率影响因素为户籍、婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度和职业状况,核心信息4知晓率与性别和文化程度有关,年龄和职业状况对核心信息5知晓率有影响;公众对肺结核其他知识知晓率较好,各信息知晓率主要受户籍、文化程度和职业状况影响;公众获得肺结核知识的渠道不同,主要是听说和看电视,公众喜欢的资料是文字为主的宣传材料。结论为了有效地预防和控制结核病的流行和传播,必须加强公众结核病核心信息的宣传教育,尤其应加强人际交流和大众媒体的宣传力度,增强宣传效果。

Objective To find out the status of knowledge and belief in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis （TB） for public in Minhang District, Shanghai City, and to provide the basis for promoting health education on TB. Methods A random multi-stage stratified sampling method was developed. Around 1200 permanent residents were visited, 12 to 65 years old in 2 streets. A questionnaire was used to understand the knowledge of prevention and treatment of TB. 1174 persons were recruited （ male 548, female 626）. Results The general awareness rates of key messages on TB were 50. 9%. Gaps were observed in responding to the five key messages. The highest awareness rate was 89. 2% and the lowest one was only 12.7%. The awareness rates were different among the key messages. Household registration, marital status, age, education level and occupations were found to be associated with the key message 3. Gender and educational level were found to be associated with the key message 4. And age and occupations were found to be associated with the key message 5. The awareness rates of other TB knowledge were higher than the key messages. The awareness rates mainly affected by the household registration, education and occupational status. The methods of getting knowledges on prevention and treatment of TB among public were different, the mainly way were hearing from others and watching television. Public preferd literal materials. Contusion It is important to provide key messages on TB for public in order to prevent TB infection and transmission. In particular, the interpersonal communication and mass media propaganda should be strengthened in order to enhance the effectiveness of the publicity.