儿童监护人扩大免疫规划知信行状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the influencing factors for EPI related knowledge,attitude,and behavior of children's guardians

目的了解新疆昌吉州玛纳斯县儿童监护人扩大免疫规划的知、信、行现状及影响因素,为制定传播策略、开发传播材料提供依据。方法采用二阶段随机抽样方法抽取玛纳斯县11个乡镇78个行政村387名儿童监护人,并进行问卷调查。结果儿童监护人免疫规划知识平均知晓率为70.56%,计划免疫五苗知晓率为79.50%。扩大免疫规划新增四苗知晓率为55.30%;农区扩大免疫规划疫苗知晓率高于牧区(P<0.01)。影响监护人信念和行为的主要因素是不了解打预防针的好处、不了解免疫规划扩大的疫苗是否免费和部分接种点太远。结论儿童监护人扩大免疫规划知识知晓率是影响监护人信念和行为的主要因素之一,最终会影响儿童扩大免疫规划疫苗的接种率。

Objective To learn the status of EPI-related knowledge, attitude, and behavior among children＇ s guardians in Manasi county, Changji, Xinjiang and its influencing factors to provide basis for developing communication materials and strategies. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 387 children＇ s guardians selected by two-stage random sampling at 78 villages in Manasi county. Results EPI average awareness rate of children＇ s guardians was 70. 56%, and the awareness rate of planned vaccination was 79. 50%. EPI 4 vaccines awareness rate was 55. 30% higher in agriculture areas than in pastoral areas （ P 〈0. 01 ）. The major factors influencing attitude and behavior of guardians included the unawareness of benefits of immunization, the unawareness of free vaccination, and long distance to vaccination places. Conclusion EPI awareness rate of children＇ s guardians is an important factor which can affect attitude, behavior and eventually the immunization rate of children＇ s EPI.