“人”的内涵在新中国六十年文学中的演变

The Evolutionary Meaning of "People" in Sixty Years of New Chinese Literature

第一次文代会对"人民"范畴的阐释留下了两可的空间;随之,文艺界对部分作品"小资产阶级趣味"的批判,将文艺"为人民服务"的方针确定成了文艺"为工农兵服务"。其后,"塑造新的英雄典型"、"突出主要的英雄人物"的文艺政策,将作为文学描写对象的"人"紧缩到了极小的范围。改革开放后,"人民"范畴的内涵又回到了建国时期的历史起点。新时期成长起来的各种范式的文学赋予了"人"以人性的人、文化的人、现实的人、平凡的人和挣扎在生命线上的人等不同的意义与符码。

The first meeting of the representatives of the literary and art workers defined 'people' ,but left the interpretation of the scope in two available spaces. Followed,literary and art circles criticized some works as 'petty-bourgeois taste' ,and changed the guideline of 'serve the people' into 'for the worker-peasant-soldier.' Since then,the literature and art policy of 'shape a new kind of typical hero,' 'highlight the main hero' described the object 'person' to a very small tight range. After the reform and opening up,the meaning of 'people' came back to the founding period of historical level. Growing up in the new era,different types of literature gave 'people' different meanings and codes,such as people with human nature,people with knowledge,people in reality,people in ordinary life,and people struggling in the lifeline,etc.