本体论学说的近现代流变及其前景

The Evolution of Ontological Theory in Modern Times and Its Future

传统形而上学的危机无疑为当代哲学的繁荣开了先声。近现代西方"本体论"学说大体上经历了生存论、科学实在论、语言本体论、社会本体论等多种以旧换新的尝试。这些学说一方面具有"拒斥形而上学"的鲜明特征,但也存在着内在的不彻底性;另一方面也认识到"形而上学"似乎是永远绕不过去的"阴影",力图开辟新型的"本体论"学说。当代哲学更是呈现出重新肯定"形而上学",有"本体论"复兴的趋势,当然,现时代的"本体论"之恢复,不再是建立在同一性的思维平台上,而是遵循着合理性、非实体性、变易性、建构性、悖论性等新原则。

The crisis of traditional metaphysics undoubtedly initiated the prosperity of contemporary philosophy. Generally, modem Western ＂ontological＂ doctrine has gone through the old- for- new practices, embodied in sur- vival theory, scientific realism theory, linguistic ontology theory, social ontology theory, and other approaches. On the one hand, these doctrines, characterized by ＂rejecting metaphysics＂, are inherently incomplete. On the other hand, the ＂ontological＂ people, realizing that ＂metaphysics＂ seems to be a pervasive ＂shadow＂, have attempted to establish a new type of ＂ontological＂ theory. There is a trend in contemporary philosophy to reaffirm ＂metaphysics＂ so as to revive ＂ontology＂. However, modem revival of ＂ontology＂is no longer built on the thinking mode of identi- ty, but follows the principles of reason, non - entity, variability, constructionist and paradox.