史学:在主观与客观之间——从顾颉刚难题到层累说的变型

Historiography between the Subjectivity and Objectivity——from the "Gu Jie-gang Problem"to the Variant of the Superposed Theory

如何在现代学术立场上,证明古书、古史的真伪是史学理论研究的重要课题,从"顾颉刚难题"到"汉代改造说"、"古代文献不断重写",层累理论不断发展,我们对此进行了深入剖析。今天的史学研究中有把王国维和顾颉刚刻意对立起来的倾向,其实他们活着的时候也不是这样。二重证据法和层累说应当结合起来,用二重证据法探讨古史真相,用层累说积极的一面,研究传说演变,那么,我们古史研究又会是一番新的景象。

In the modern academic position, an important subject in the theoretical research of history is to prove the authenticity of ancient history and ancient books. Profound analyses have been made on the ＂Gu Jie - gang problem＂, ＂the transformation in the＂ Han Dynasty＂ and the ＂continuous rewriting of the ancient literature＂ so that the superposed theory has enjoyed continuous development. In today＇s historical research, there is a deliberate ten- dency to set Wang Guowei against Gu Jiegang＇while actually that was not the case even when they were alive. Pro- vided that the dual - evidence approach is integrated with the superposed theory, with the former to explore the truth of ancient history while the latter, to explain the evolution of legends, the present study of ancient history will take on a new aspect.