飞行人员的畸变产物耳声发射测试

Measurement of distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) in pilots

目的了解飞行作业环境噪声对飞行员听觉功能的影响。方法对４１名歼－６飞行员进行ＤＰＯＡＥ测试及纯音测听，其中飞行１０００ｈ以上者２４名４８耳，飞行３００ｈ以内者１７名３４耳，选用Ｌ１＝Ｌ２＝７０ｄＢｓｐＬ等强度初始纯音作为刺激声，其频率为ｆ１和ｆ２，ｆ２／ｆ１为１．２，选择频率为２ｆ１－ｆ２点（共８个测试点）的ＤＰ幅值进行测试，同时进行０．５、１、２、４、６ｋＨｚ纯音阈值测试，计算ＰＴＡ及４ｋＨｚ、６ｋＨｚ阈值之均值。结果飞行３００ｈ者，纯音测听ＰＴＡ均值，４ｋＨｚ和６ｋＨｚ均值与飞行１０００ｈ以上者比较有显著性差异。两组８个测试点的ＤＰ相对幅值之均值经ｔ检验，当ｆ１为５００Ｈｚ和７１８Ｈｚ时幅值间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），另６个测试点幅值间比较均有显著性差异。结论研究结果表明，随着飞行员在飞行作业环境下暴露于噪声环境的时间的延长，听阈逐渐提高。因此我们认为对听力有特殊要求的作业人员，应用ＤＰＯＡＥ进行听力筛选和定期复查，以便在主观听阈尚无明显变化之前早期发现潜在的耳蜗病变。

Objective To explore the effect of aviation noise environment on the hearing function of pilots. Methods Forty-one pilots were divided into two groups. The first group had a history of noise environment exposure less then 300 hours, and the second group more than 1000 hours. Their DPOAE and pure tone threshold were detected. Results There were significant differences in the pure tone threshold and DPOAE amplitude between two groups. The incidences of DPOAE in first group was significantly higher than those in second group. Conclusion It is suggested that noise environment can influence the pure tone threshold and DPOAE parameters of pilots. DPOAE provided us an objective method for scanning the function of inner ear and early detection of pathological change of cochlea.