南水北调中线引江济汉水利工程对血吸虫病流行的影响

Impact of South-North Water Diversion Middle-Line Project on the Transmission of Schistosomiasis in Hubei Province

目的了解南水北调中线引江济汉水利工程对血吸虫病流行的影响趋势,对工程区荆州、沙洋和潜江3个县(市、区)开工前的疫情进行5年纵向观察,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法制定统一的调查方案,对工程区进行钉螺和病情调查。结果5年来工程区域内现有钉螺面积徘徊在39.54～58.42hm2之间。慢性血吸虫病人感染率在2.98%～6.53%之间。结论工程区上游水系存在着钉螺向工程渠扩散的威胁。荆州区工程渠道开口处的钉螺面积、钉螺密度逐年减少,血吸虫病人感染率呈逐年下降的趋势。引江济汉工程区存在着血吸虫病流行的潜在风险。

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the engineering areas since the launched of the South-North Water-Diversion Middle-line project. These areas included Jingzhou, Shayang and Qianjiang. Methods Epidemiological study was performed according to the unified research protocol. Results After 5 years of launching of the project, the area of land with snail was around 39.54 hm2 to 58.42 hm2 and the schistosomisasis patient infection rate was around 2.98% to 6.53%.Conclusion There was a tendency of spreading of snail from the engineering channel in the upper stream water system. The snail areas and density were reduced year by year, and schistosomisasis patient infection rate was also descended in the engineering area. But there is an potential risk factors for Schistosomiasis transmission.