东莞市病媒生物本底调查

Investigation on Background of Vectors of Diseases in Dongguan City

目的了解东莞市病媒生物鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、伊蚊的本底和种群季节消长,为制定防制对策提供依据。方法2006年在城区及郊区选点,分别用笼夜法、诱蚊灯法、诱蝇笼法、粘捕盒法、诱蚊诱卵器法监测鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、伊蚊密度。结果鼠类以小家鼠为优势种,占43.10%;蚊类以致倦库蚊为优势种,占99.70%;蝇类以家蝇为优势种,占64.29%;蜚蠊以德国小蠊为优势种,占97.64%。年平均密度分别为6.01%、27.4只/灯、0.87只/笼、1.29只/盒。鼠、蚊、蜚蠊全年有活动,出现两个明显的活动高峰,分别在5月、8月;5月、12月和7月、11月。蝇的活动受环境因素影响较大,密度季节消长不明显,波动较大。伊蚊全部为白纹伊蚊,年平均密度为2.33%,活动高峰在7月和10月。结论掌握本市病媒鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、伊蚊的本底情况,应在病媒密度高峰前采取有针对性的防制措施,降低病媒密度。

Objective To provide the evidence for making up control strategy for diseases by understanding the background and seasonal growth and decline of the vectors such as rat, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes. Methods Investigation points were chosen in city areas and suburbs in 2006 and methods of night cage-trapping, lamp trapping, fly cage-trapping, cockroach sticky trapping, and mosq-ovitrapping were used to measure the densities of rat, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes.Results Mus musculus was the dominant species in murine, accounting for 43.10%. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the dominant species in mosquito, accounting for 99.70%. Filth fly was the dominant species in fly, accounting for 64.29%. Blattella germanica was the dominant species in cockroach, accounting for 97.64%. Yearly average densities of routine, mosquito, fly and cockroach were 6.01%, 27.4 per lamp, 0.87 per cage and 1.29 per box, respectively. Murine, mosquito and cockroach could be found all year round and their seasonal peaks appeared in May and August, May and December and July and November, respectively. The activity of fly were influenced by environmental factors and its seasonal variation was large. All the Aedes was Aedes albopictus. Its yearly average density was 2.33% and seasonal peaks appeared in July and October. Conclusion The background of murine, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes were investigated in Dongguan city and it is suggested to take measures of prevention and control to decrease the densities of vectors before vectors＇ density peak appear.