湿疹儿童食物皮肤点刺试验结果分析

Analysis of the skin prick test results in children with mild eczema

目的通过对南京地区6个月～2岁有轻微湿疹的患儿进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),分析婴幼儿的常见食物过敏原。方法对134例轻微湿疹儿童按月龄分为三组(6～9个月龄、～12个月龄、～24个月龄),分别进行牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼、虾、小麦5种常见食物SPT。结果轻度湿疹患儿食物皮肤点刺阳性率50.75%,过敏群体中66.18%对多种食物过敏,不同年龄组儿童单种或多种食物点刺阳性之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同食物过敏原阳性率在不同月龄组均表现为鸡蛋>虾>鱼>牛奶>小麦。结论湿疹患儿食物过敏阳性率高,早期避免接触食物过敏原有助于减少食物过敏发生。

Objective Skin prick test was used to analyze the common food allergens of children with mild eczema aged 6 months to 2 years old. Methods A total of 134 children with eczema was categorized into 3 groups according to age. Skin prick test was carried out with 5 food allergens of milk, egg, fish, shrimp and shrimp. Results 50.75% children with mild eczema showed positive reaction and 66.18% children were identified with multiple food allergies. There were no significant differences among three age groups in both single and multiple food allergies. Skin prick test suggested that the positive rates were lowered in an order of egg〉 shrimp〉 fish〉milk〉 wheat. Conclusion Children with eczema have a high positive rate allergic to food. Exposure to the food allergens in early stage of life should be avoided for reducing the food allergic reactions.