种植密度对烤烟不同部位叶片光合特性及其同化物积累的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Assimilate Accumulation of Leaves in Different Positions in Flue-Cured Tobacco

选用云烟87,研究4种种植密度(16665、15150、13875和12825株hm-2)对烤烟下、中、上3部位叶片光合及其同化物的影响。结果表明,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、比叶重以及碳水化合物总量在成熟期(移栽60d以后)明显表现出密度效应。随着群体生育进程的推进,密度对3个指标的影响程度有增大趋势。降低种植密度可以减小叶片Pn下降率,延缓光合功能的衰退,延长同化产物的积累时间。下部叶除12825株hm-2外,其他3处理均未出现光合"午休"现象;而上部叶片均出现"午休"现象;较高种植密度能够减轻中部叶片"午休"的程度。在15150株hm-2的种植密度下,中部叶片日光合总量较高,光合产物也达到较高水平,叶片光合作用和蒸腾作用也达到最为协调的状态,有着较高的水分利用率。

The leaves in three positions （leaf 5, 11, 17 from bottom to top） of flue-cured tobacco Yunyan 87 with four planting densities （16 665, 15 150, 13 875, and 12 825 plants ha-1） were tested in the field experiment in Liangfeng Village, Xuanen County, China in 2008. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, specific leaf weight and carbohydrate content exhibited significant difference under various planting densities in mature period （60 days after transplanting）, and the impact of plant density increased in the process of leaf development. With the decrease of planting density, the decline rate of Pn was reduced, photosynthetic function decline was delayed, and the accumulating time of assimilation was prolonged. The lower leaf did not appear photosynthetic midday depression under three planting densities except under the lowest density （12 825 plants ha-1）. The upper leaf appeared photosynthetic midday depression under all the planting densities. Degree of photosynthetic midday depression for the middle leaf was lightened under lower densities. Under planting density of 15 150 plants ha-1, the middle leaf had higher daily photosynthesis and assimilation, and the photosynthesis and transpiration achieved the most coordinate state, exhibiting higher single-leaf WUE.