普洱市亚热带季风常绿阔叶林区蜘蛛多样性

Diversity of spiders in subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest in Pu′er City,Yunnan

采用样地调查法、生物多样性分析法研究云南省普洱市亚热带季风常绿阔叶林区刺栲—华南石栎—红木荷群落(Ⅰ)、思茅松—小果栲—红木荷群落(Ⅱ)、披针叶楠—粗穗石栎—刺栲群落(Ⅲ)、西南桦—红木荷—飞机草群落(Ⅳ)和人工植被(Ⅴ)的蜘蛛群落多样性。共采集蜘蛛标本2 018头,隶属于24科77属152种。5个样地蜘蛛群落中III的物种多样性最大,Ⅰ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ多样性水平接近且居中,Ⅱ最小;群落Jaccard相似性系数为0.279-0.425,任意2个样地蜘蛛群落为中等不相似水平。Ⅱ受到的人为干扰最严重,急需保护;Ⅲ的多样性水平最高,具有优先保护价值。灌草层蜘蛛亚群落最能代表整个蜘蛛群落的多样性状况,其物种丰富度S值与植物多样性显著相关。

Diversities of spider assemblages on the ground and in the tree-shrub-herb layer in Castanopsis echidnocarpa, Lithocarpus fenestratus,Schima wallichii Comm. （ Ⅰ ）, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Castanopsis fleuryi, Schima wallichii Comm. （ Ⅱ ）, Phoebe lanceolata, Lithocarpus grandifolius, Castanopsis echidnocarpa Comm. （ Ⅲ ）, Betula alnoides, Schima wallichii, Eupatorium odoratum Comm. （Ⅳ） and artificial vegetation（ Ⅴ ） were studied with sample plot investigation and biodiversity analysis in Pu＇er City, Yunnan Province. 2 018 individuals were captured, including 152 species, 77 genera, and 24 families. In the 5 plots, diversity of spider community in Ⅲ was the biggest, that in Ⅰ , Ⅳ and Ⅴ was moderate,and that in Ⅱ was the smallest. Jaccard coefficients （q） of the spider assemblages ranged from 0.279 to 0.425, showing that the spider assemblages of each 2 plots were medium in similarity level. Ⅱ was heavily disturbed and need to be protected. Most attention should be paid to Ⅲ for its value in biodiversity conservation. Spider diversity of the whole community showed well by the subcommunity in shrub-herb layer, and species richness S of spider subcommunity in the layer was significantly correlated with the diversity of plant community.