福建省三明市主要森林病虫害的发生格局

Occurring pattern of the main forest pests and diseases in Sanming of Fujian Province

利用1993-2007年的资料,分析了三明市主要森林病虫害发生的种类变化和时间与树种分布格局。结果表明,三明市主要森林病虫害包括21种虫(螨)害和11种病害,种类呈逐年增多趋势,其中板栗疫病、桉树焦枯病、毛竹枯梢病和萧氏松茎象等属危险性病虫害。1993-2003年森林病虫害发生面积呈波浪式缓慢上升,2004年后则急剧增大,呈现持续大面积发生格局;其成因主要有:(1)马尾松毛虫和刚竹毒蛾暴发周期缩短,发生强度增大;(2)竹蝗再度猖獗;(3)一些次要害虫如松墨天牛和竹舟蛾等上升为主要害虫;(4)萧氏松茎象和桉树焦枯病等新的危险性病虫害不断发生。松树和毛竹是主要受害对象,具有病虫害种类多和发生面积大的特点。笔者利用灰色理论,建立了有效的马尾松毛虫、刚竹毒蛾、竹蝗、毛竹害螨和松针褐斑病的灾变期预测模型。

Based on collection and analysis of the data in the duration from 1993 to 2007, the species composition of main forest pests and diseases in Sanming of Fujian Province was clarified, and their temporal and host distribution patterns were also discussed. Results showed that there were 21 species of the main forest pests and 11 species of the main forest diseases in Sanming, and an increasing trend in pest and disease species number was observed, in which some dangerous forest pests or diseases including Cryphonectria parasitica, Cylindrocladium scoparium, Ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis and Hylobitelus xiaoi were found. In the yearly sequence, the total occurring acreage in forest pests and diseases increased slowly by a fluctuating mode from 1993 to 2003, but rapidly increased after 2004, and then displayed a severe occurring pattern fill 2007. The following four aspects, including （ 1 ） shortening of time cycle and increase of intensity in outbreak of Dendrolimus punctatus and Pantana phyUostachysae, （ 2 ） resurgence of Ceracris spp. , （3）some minors pest becoming major pests e. g. Monochamus alternatus and Loudonta dispar and （4）intermittent occurrence of some dangerous pests including B. xylophilus, H. xiaoi and C. scoparium, might be the essential causes. In Sanming, pine and moso bamboo were most severely damaged by the forest pests and diseases for their largest occurring acreage and more pest species. At last, five effective models in D. punctatus, P. phyUostachysa, Ceracris spp. , bamboo mites and Lecanosticta acicola were constructed, respectively, in order to forecast their next outbreak year by the gray theory.