潜艇艇员工作应激与士气关系的研究

A Research on the Relationship Between Submariners' Work Stress and Morale

本研究通过对489名潜艇艇员的工作应激源、工作应激水平和战斗士气进行测量和分析,探讨潜艇艇员工作应激与战斗士气之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)潜艇艇员的主要工作应激源有:生病、工作缺乏安全、工作量大、噪音高温高湿的工作环境、值更、工作单调枯燥。"工作缺乏安全"对Ⅰ型艇艇员的影响显著大于Ⅱ型艇艇员;而"不能与外界联系"、"值更"对Ⅱ型艇艇员的影响显著大于Ⅰ型艇艇员。(2)不同类型的艇员在工作应激水平上不存在显著差异。(3)工作应激源数目和工作应激水平同战斗士气呈显著负相关;低应激组艇员的战斗士气分数显著高于正常应激组,正常应激组艇员的战斗士气分数显著高于高应激组。(4)工作应激的人际关系、物理条件因子和工作应激源数目对战斗士气具有显著预测作用。

489 submariners＇ work stressors, work stress level and combat morale were surveyed so as to study the relationship between their work stress and combat morale. The results are as follows： （ 1 ） The main work stressors for submariners were illness, workrelated danger, high workload, high temperature, humidity and noise in the workplace, work shift, monotonous work. Type 1 submariners experienced a worse influence from work-related danger whereas Type Ⅱ submariners experienced worse influences from work shift and losing contact with people of the outside world. （2） No significant difference of work stress level was found between Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ submariners. （3） Both work stressor number and work stress level had a significantly negative relationship with combat morale. Submariners in the low work stress group got considerably higher combat morale scores than the submariners in the normal work stress group, the scores of which were considerably higher than those of submariners in the high work stress group. （4） Work stressor numbers and factors of relationship, and physical conditions on the work stress scale were significant predictors for combat morale.