新生儿呕吐512例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 512 cases of neonatal vomiting

目的探讨新生儿呕吐的病因及诊断方法。方法回顾性分析2002年12月-2008年12月间收治的512例住院新生儿呕吐病例的临床资料。结果512例中内科疾病致呕吐458例，占89.5％，其中感染性疾病172例，以肠炎、呼吸道感染、坏死性肠炎多见。非感染性疾病286例，以早产儿、咽下综合征、胃肠功能紊乱、喂养不当、胃食管反流、假性肠梗阻多见。外科疾病引起的呕吐54例，占10.5％，以先天性巨结肠、肠旋转不良、胃肠穿孔、肠闭锁、狭窄多见。结论掌握新生儿呕吐临床特点，并选择合适检查，早期诊断，早期治疗，降低死亡率。

Objective To investigate the causes and diagnosis of neonatal vomiting. Methods The clinical data of 512 neonates with vomiting from December 2002 to December 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Results Of the 512 cases, 458 cases of neonatal vomiting were caused by medical diseases, accounting for 89.5%, including 172 cases of infectious diseases （enteritis, respiratory infection and necrotizing enteroeolitis）, and 286 eases of noninfectious diseases （premature infants, swallowing syndrome, gastrointestinal malfunction, inappropriate feeding, gastroesophageal reflux and intestinal pseudo-obstruction）. Besides, 54 eases of neonatal vomiting were caused by surgical diseases, accounting for 10.5%, including congenital megocolon, malrotation of intestine, gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal stenosis or atresial. Conclusion As we have known the clinical features of neonatal vomiting, we can select appropriate inspection methods to get early diagnosis and treatment, and to decrease mortality finally.