新疆阿勒泰地区地气温差变化特征分析

Analysis on Characteristic of Difference Between Ground and Air Temperature at Aletai Region in Xinjiang

利用阿勒泰地区7个气象站1963-2004年0 cm地温和气温月平均资料,采用统计法、趋势和突变检验方法,分析了该地区地气温差的时空演变特征及突变。研究表明:该地区地气温差6月最大,12月最小;暖季最大,冬季最小,常年存在随季节变化的高低值区域与海拔和地形有关。地气温差受大尺度气候异常的影响,第一载荷向量场反映全区一致的性质,第二、三载荷向量场具有南北差异和东西差异。线性趋势分析表明,地气温差12月-次年2月呈显著下降趋势,4-9月和年均呈显著上升趋势,过渡季节3月和10-11月趋势变化不显著。突变检验表明,10-11月、12月-次年2月该地区地气温差在20世纪60年代末到70年代初发生了显著的突变,与其他文献的结论不同;3月、4-9月和年均在20世纪70年代末到80年代初发生了显著的突变,与其他文献的结论及新疆气候的突变较为一致。

The difference between ground and air temperature （tB - ta ） was analyzed by using the data of ground and air temperature of 7 stations over the Aletai region from 1963 to 2004, and its spatialtemporal development and abrupt change have been diagnosed by statistical method, tendency analysis and abrupt test methods. The results show that the values of ts - ta are the biggest in June and the smallest in December; winter is the smallest and summer is the biggest. Value of seasonal variation is caused by the sea level elevation and the geography. The ts - ta is influenced by the large scale weather systems ; the first loading vector reflects the consistency of whole region ; the second and third loading vector reflect the north-south difference and east-west difference. The linear trend analysis indicated remarkable drop tendency from December to February, escalation tendency from April to September, no remarkable tendency in transition season of March, October and November. The abrupt change test indicated this area earth-atmosphere temperature-differences had the remarkable abrupt changes from October to November, December to February in the end of 1960s to early 1970s, which are different with other literature conclusions ; March, April -- September and the yearly average had the remarkable sudden changes at the end of 1970s to early 1980s during the 20th century, which are consistent with other literature conclusions and the Xinjiang climate abrupt changes.