日语书信中的拒绝策略及其语用功能——以针对请求的拒绝行为为例

Refusal Strategies and Pragmatic Functions in Japanese Letters: A Case Study of Refusal Act against Request

日语拒绝行为的构成分为核心拒绝语、辅助拒绝语、修饰语。书信中针对请求的拒绝行为多表现出"确认交际前提/确认双方关系+核心拒绝语+辅助拒绝语"的话语结构。日语书信中常用的拒绝策略大致具有两种交际意图,一种是拒绝的交际意图,可分为"直白型"、"辩解型"和"请求理解型"3种拒绝策略;另一种交际意图是维系人际关系,可分为"展望未来型"、"遗憾型"和"道歉型"3种拒绝策略。

Refusal act in Japanese is constructed with core refusal words, secondary refusal words and modifying words. The refusal act against request in Japanese letters largely shows a discourse structure of ＂confirming communicative presupposition / confirming relationship between both sides ＋ core refusal words ＋ secondary refusal words＂. Strategies of refusal used commonly in Japanese letters usually have two communicative intentions. One is the communicative intention of refusal, which can be divided into 3 types of strategy： direct refusal, excuse-making and seeking-for-understanding. Another is the intention of keeping human relations, which can also be divided into 3 types of strategy： future-orientation, regret-expressing and apology-making.