帽儿山地区10年生白桦种源试验

A 10-year-old provenance trial of Betula platyphylla in the Maoershan area of Heilongjiang Province

对黑龙江省帽儿山10年生白桦Betula platyphylla种源试验林14个种源进行调查研究。结果表明,不同种源在树高、胸径、材积和纤维素质量分数上均存在显著差异。各种源4个性状的遗传参数比较和主成分分析表明,东方红、帽儿山和乌伊岭种源为优良纤维材种源,其纤维素质量分数遗传增益分别为5.29%,9.96%和2.85%,材积遗传增益分别为43.26%,38.07%和36.96%。各种源性状与对应的地理气候因子典型相关分析结果表明,各性状主要受温度和日照的影响,即白桦生物性状的地理变异的实质是对温度和日照时间的高度适应。聚类分析将14个种源划分为3个种源区,即大兴安岭种源区、辽东种源区和小兴安岭及长白山种源区。

To select excellent provenances for cellulose timber for Zhangguangcailing area and study the geographical variation rule of Betula platyphylla, research on 14 provenances from a provenance trial of 10- year-old B. platyphylla in Maoe^rshan, Heilongjiang Province was conducted using principle component, canonical correlation, and cluster analyses. The provenance trial used randomized block design, which included 4 blocks and 30 trees for every provenance in a block. Results showed significant differences （P 〈 0.01） in diameter at breast height, tree height, stem volume, and cellulose content. From the genetic parameters of these four characteristics, the principle component analysis revealed three excellent provenances for cellulose timber： Dongfanghong, Maoershan, and Wuyiling. The genetic gain for cellulose content was Dongfanghong： 5.3%, Maoershan： 10.0%, and Wuyiling： 2.9%; whereas for stem volume it was： Dongfanghong： 43.3%, Maoershan： 38.1%, and Wuyiling： 37.0%. The canonical correlation analysis between biological characteristics of B. platyphylla and geographical climatic factors of the different provenances showed that temperature and sunlight were the primary influential factors affecting biological characteristics. The cluster analysis grouped Daxing＇anling, Liaodong, and Xiaoxing＇anling-Changbaishan provenance areas. The excellent proveances could satisfy the production needs of cellulose timber for Zhangguangcailing area and the research provided theoretical foundation for further genetic improvement and seed allocation of B. platyphylla.