雌核发育与正常二倍体条斑星鲽胚胎发育比较研究

Comparison of Embryonic Development in Gynogenetic and Diploid Barfin Flounder(Verasper moseri)

在用牙鲆精子诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育的同时,对条斑星鲽单倍体、雌核发育胚胎发育过程进行了观察,并与普通胚胎发育作了比较。观察结果表明,(1)单倍体胚胎,卵裂开始至64细胞期,发育速度较普通胚胎发育发育速度明显缓慢,至多细胞期发育速度相同,历时14 h;到达高囊胚期比普通二倍体慢1.5 h,到达低囊胚期发育速度相同,历时31 h;到达原肠末期、神经胚期、晶体形成期历时相同,其他发育时期一直处于缓慢状态;孵化仔鱼具有明显的单倍体综合症。(2)雌核发育与普通胚胎的发育的特征相比无明显区别,在卵裂期发育速度明显迟缓,但在囊胚期以后,所用时间基本相同;孵化时间比普通胚胎长约1 h。(3)与普通胚胎相比,雌核发育胚胎、单倍体胚胎孵化率较低,仔鱼畸形率高。

Japanese flounder（Paralichthy olivaceus）sperm was used to induce haploid of gynogenetic barfin flounder（Verasper moseri）, and homologous frozen sperm was used to induce normal barfin flounder embryos to test the methods of inducing gynogenesis in barfin flounder. Observation and comparison of the embryonic developments showed that the haploid embryonic development was slower than the normal embryo before multicelled stage and it lasted 14 hours. The early blastula of haploid embryonic development was found to be slower than the normal embryos while the late gastrula, neurula stage, and formation of eyelens stage were the same as the normal embryos. The haploid embryos had slower development rate than the normal embryos did, and the haploid syndrome was observed in the haploid larvae while the gynogenetic embryonic development had the similar character to the normal embryo. Lower hatching rate and higher malformation were found in the gynogenetic and haploid larvae compared with the normal embryos.