饲用高油玉米主要性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis for Main Characters of Forage High Oil Maize

对适于饲用的高油玉米新组合的主要农艺性状进行遗传分析,有利于饲用高油玉米新品种的选育。试验于2007～2008年在天津市静海县良种场进行,利用NCⅡ设计,对25个杂交组合的10个农艺性状进行了遗传分析。一般配合力方差大小依次为:穗粗、单株鲜重、株高、穗行数、百粒重、穗位高、籽粒含油率、单株粒重、穗长和行粒数,特殊配合力方差大小依次为:行粒数、穗长、单株粒重、籽粒含油率、穗位高、百粒重、穗行数、株高、单株鲜重和穗粗。广义遗传率大小依次为:百粒重、穗长、单株粒重、单株鲜重、穗行数、穗位高、穗粗、籽粒含油率、行粒数和株高,狭义遗传率大小依次为:单株鲜重、百粒重、穗粗、穗行数、穗位高、单株粒重、穗长、籽粒含油率、株高、行粒数。单株鲜重与株高、行粒数、穗行数和单株粒重呈显著正相关,但籽粒含油率与各性状没显著相关关系。对单株鲜重正向直接贡献率高低依次为:株高、单株粒重、行粒数、百粒重和穗行数,对籽粒含油率正向直接贡献率高低依次为:单株粒重、穗长和穗粗。ZP201×春油60、ZP201×GY798-x2、ZP240×GY798-x2、GY220-x1×春油60、GY220-x1×GY798-x2、ZP202×GY115改是生物产量和籽粒含油率均较高的优良杂交组合。选择单株粒重和籽粒含油率高的性状,有望解决高产与高油的矛盾,能增加组配高油和高产量玉米杂交种的机会。

To study the heredity of main agronomic characters in forage high oil maize new combinations, genetic analysis of ten characters of twenty-five combinations were analysised by NC Ⅱ design in Jinghai of Tianjin in 2007 and 2008. General combination ability（GCA） variance were sequenced as ear diameter, fresh weight per plant, plant height, row number of ear, 100 kernel weight, ear height, kernel oil contents, kernel weight per plant, ear length and kernel number per row. Special combination ability （SCA） variance were sequenced as kernel number per row, ear length, kernel weight per plant, kernel oil contents, ear height, 100 kernel weight, row number of ear, plant height, fresh weight per plant and ear diameter. The estimated of heritability in the broad were sequenced as 100 kernel weight, ear length, kernel weight per plant, fresh weight per plant, row number of ear, ear height, ear diameter, kernel oil contents, kernel number per row and plant height. The estimated of heritability in the narrow were sequenced as fresh weight per plant, 100 kernel weight, ear diameter, row number of ear, ear height, kernel weight per plant, ear length, kernel oil contents, plant height and kernel number per row. Fresh weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height and kernel number per row and row number of ear and kernel weight per plant, but the relationship of kernel oil contents and each characters was weak. The positive direct contributions of characters to fresh weight per plant were plant height 〉 kernel weight per plant 〉 kernel number per row 〉 100 kernel weight 〉 row number of ear. The positive direct contributions of characters to kernel oil contents were kernel weight per plant 〉 ear length 〉 ear diameter. The better hyhridized combinations of high biomass and kernel oil contents were ZP201xehunyou 60, ZP201×GY798- x2, ZP240×GY798-x2, GY220-x1×chunyou 60, GY220-x1×GY798-x2 and ZP202×GY115 gal. Selecting the characters of kernel weight per plant and high kernel oil contents eould be applied to solving contradition of high yield and high oil, and to increase the chance of breeding high oil and high yield maize hybrids.