今文经学与史学的近代化——以康有为、崔适、梁启超和夏曾佑为考察中心

Jinwen Jingxue and the Modernization of Chinese Historiography:Case Studies Based on Kang Youwei,Cui Shi,Liang Qichao,and Xia Zengyou

在促成中国史学的近代化过程中,近代今文经学发挥了重要作用。今文经学家康有为斥古文经为伪经,提出孔子作"六经"说,不但动摇了传统经学的根基,而且对史学的近代化起到了思想启蒙作用;今文经学家兼史学家崔适不但扩大了古文伪经的范围,促使经书权威进一步动摇,而且采取由经及史的研究方法,直接开启了由经学而史学的转向;今文经学家兼史学家梁启超和夏曾佑,则是真正受今文学影响、以进化论为指导思想,开创近代新史学的代表人物,梁氏《新史学》初步构建起了近代新史学的理论体系,而夏氏《中国历史教科书》则是近代中国第一部新式通史。

Jinwen Jingxue had played a very important part in the modernization of Chinese historical studies. Kang Youwei, Cui Shi, Liang Qichao, Xia Zengyou are very important scholars of Jinwen Confucianism school. They contributed greatly to the modernization of historical studies. Kang Youwei denounced Guwen Jingxue and advanced that ＂the Six Classics＂ were all written by Confucius. His viewpoint not only shocked the base of traditional Confucianism but also enlightened people＇ s thought. Cui Shi regarded more classic books as fake classics in ancient script, which was a heavy blow to Guwen Jingxue. Cui Shi had studied the Classics before he turned to history. He led other scholars to turn their studies from Classics to history. Liang Qiehao and Xia Zengyou were truly influenced by Jinwen Jingxue and took Evolutionism as their guidance completely. They are the representative scholars of new historiography. Liang Qichao＇ s New Historiography laid the foundation for the system of new historiography. Xia Zengyou＇ s Chinese History Textbook is the first new general history in China.