李维的史学思想与罗马史学传统

The Historiographic Thought of Livy and the Tradition of Roman Historiography

早期罗马人的历史连续性观念,源于以现实为基点而推向过去和未来的历史思维。他们从不断变易的历史内容中寻求相对不变的东西,用之于现在且传之于未来。罗马共和国时期的史家,将相对不变的东西从"多"而抽象为"一"即道德,并视之为过去、现在和未来事物共有的属性。李维受希腊"实质主义"的影响,其所说的道德已成为具体事物之不变的共性。与希腊"实质主义"不同的是,李维所说的道德始终呈现在历史的时空之中,呈现在不断变易的历史内容之中。李维的思想表现出重视思辨的希腊思想和重视经验的罗马思想结合时,逻辑上存在不可逾越的矛盾。

The early was based on the present, Roman idea that history but could lead to the something relatively constant in the ever-changing is continuous, was rooted in a special historical thought. It past and the future. The early Romans had sought for historical content which could be used currently and be passed to the future. The historians abstracted morality as the ＂Unity＂ from the ＂Plurality＂ relatirely constant in the Roman Republic period, and saw it as the common attributes of the past, present and future. Livy was influenced by the Greek ＂substantialism＂, so his morality had become the comstant common attribute of various things in his historiography. ＂Substantialism＂, the morality in Livy＇ s historiography has always been present in time and space of history and shown in the content of ever-changing history. So when the Greek and the thought which attached importance to experience in Rome were present in same time, there were some insurmountable contradictions.