从《贝希斯敦铭文》、《历史》辨析大流士夺位真相

A Textual Research into the Truth of Darius' Usurpation based on the Records from Behistun Inscription and Herodotws' Histories

贝希斯敦铭文是研究古代波斯大流士上台和镇压叛乱最著名的史料,铭文详细记载了大流士合法地从波斯假王手中夺得王权和镇压反对他夺位而叛乱的史事,以及协助他夺权的六个贵族名字。希腊史家希罗多德所记载的帮助大流士发动政变的6个贵族中的阿斯帕提奈与铭文中的记载不同,以此为源头并辅以巴比伦经济文档中的历史日期,探讨波斯史中巴尔迪亚王和大流士集团夺位事件的真相、巴比伦起义的历时和吕迪亚总督欧洛伊帖斯被大流士杀死的原因等问题,辨析大流士伪化其政敌的谎言以及希罗多德记载中的错误、编造和夸大。提出研究历史一定要尽可能完全地掌握各种来源的史料,并用比较的方法谨慎地辨析人为叙述的历史是否可信,去伪存真,恢复历史的真相。

Darius＇s Bihistun Inscription is the most important document for the study of Persian history, expeeially for Darius＇ s rise to power. There is a disagreement on the names of the seven conspirators given by Herodotus and in the Behistun inscription. Using the ruling years of the kings in the Babylonian archives and analysing the contradictions in the descriptions between Darius and Herodotus, we found that the Bardiya whom Darius overthrew was the son of Cyrus and there was no fake Bardiya or Gaumata ： the claim was a lie of Darius to legitimize of Darius is his throme of Persia. The reason for the death of Oroites （the governor or of Sardis） by the order that he was a supporter of Bardiya.