欧洲熊蜂Bombus terretris入侵研究进展

The progress in the study of Bombus terretris invasion

欧洲熊蜂Bombus terrestris被出口到自然分布区外为作物传粉,现已在澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、以色列、智利和阿根廷等国家建立野生种群。欧洲熊蜂与本土传粉生物竞争蜜粉源植物,传播病虫害,与本土熊蜂杂交产生不育子代。欧洲熊蜂入侵可能引起本地传粉昆虫生物多样性降低,危害生态系统传粉功能的安全。中国从1998年开始引入欧洲熊蜂为大棚作物传粉,但目前尚无欧洲熊蜂入侵我国的报道。中国是熊蜂生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,具有欧洲熊蜂适生环境,欧洲熊蜂有可能入侵我国。防止欧洲熊蜂入侵最重要和最有效的办法是减少进口该物种和进行科学的放蜂管理。

Bombus terrestris has been introduced to several countries beyond its natural range since the late 1980s. Its feral colonies have been reported in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, Chile and Argentina. As an alien species, B. terrestris has been reported to compete with native pollinators for food resources and nesting sites, to bring parasites to its non-native habitats, and to mate with native bumblebees, all of which can reduce biodiversity of native pollinators. B. terrestris was introduced to China in 1998 to pollinate crop plants in several places. Though there has been no report of B. terrestris feral colonies in China, there is a probability that this species would establish its feral colonies in China because China has suitable climate and habitats. Managing in bumblebee cultivation and reduction in import of this species are effective ways to prevent its invasion.