崇明东滩湿地土壤养分的分布特征及其环境效应

Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Effect of Wetland Soil Nutrients in Chongming Dongtan

通过研究崇明东滩不同类型天然湿地土壤在不同潮间的有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)的含量与分布,进而分析不同类型滨海湿地土壤作为营养盐氮、磷汇与碳沉积的环境效应。结果表明,芦苇型沙质湿地土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷的平均值分别为1.36%、0.1%、0.03%,而芦苇/米草混合型黏质土壤中分别为2.41%、0.27%、0.07%。随着高程的增加(从光滩向高潮滩过渡),芦苇(Phragmitescommunis)型沙质湿地土壤与芦苇/米草(Phragmites communis/Spartina alterniflora)混合型黏质土壤中有机质、全氮含量平稳上升,但全磷变化并不显著。这表明芦苇/互花米草混合型黏质湿地土壤对造成沿海水域富营养化的氮、磷营养盐以及引起全球气候变化的碳排放具有更好的汇聚效应,同时高潮滩的汇聚功能总体较光滩为高。

Based on the analysis of different types and inter-tidal of wetlands about organic matter, TN, TP content and distribution in Chongming Dongtan, environmental effects of different coastal wetlands soil as nutrients meeting and carbon deposition were assessed. Results showed that organic matter, TN and TP on average of Phragmites communis-sandy wetlands soil were 1.36%, 0.1% and 0.03%, while the mixed wetlands soil of Phragmites communis-sandy wetlands soil were 2.41%, 0.27% and 0.07%. With the increase in elevation from low ebb to upsurge beach, organic matter and TN in the Phragmites communis-sandy wetlands soil and the mixed wetlands soil of Phragmites communis / Spartina alterniflora was in a smooth rise while TP change was not significant, which showed that the mixed wetlands soil of Phragmites communis / Spartina alterniflora has better clustering effect about N and P nutrients caused of eutrophication of coastal waters as well as the carbon emissions caused of global climate change, and the upsurge beach has better clustering function than the low ebb.