抗人K、γ轻链单克隆抗体在白血病免疫分型中的作用

Contribution of Monoclonal Antibodies to Kappa and Lambda Light Chains in Leukemia Immunophenotyping

抗人κ、λ轻链单克隆抗体与膜表面免疫球蛋白(SmIg)多克隆抗血清的比较研究表明,具有成熟B细胞特征的κ、λ标志在正常人血中是按一定比例分布的,比值为1.8左右。κ与λ之和近似于SmIg。而在151例各类白血病细胞的免疫表型中,引起SmIg抗血清阳性反应有两种情况,其一为B淋巴细胞性白血病,14例急、慢性B细胞白血病患者通过κ和λ单抗检测,可以清晰地识别出白血病细胞单克隆恶性增殖的特性;其二是急性单核细胞白血病,11例FAB分型为M4/M5亚型的免疫表型显示,这类细胞与抗κ、λ单抗反应呈现多克隆着染现象,此特点有助于与髓系其他类型白血病相鉴别。针对κ、λ单抗较之SmIg抗血清的优越性,以及上述两类白血病细胞的反应类型进行了讨论。

The immunophenotype of 151 cases of various kinds of leukemia was studied by using monoclonal antibodies to kappa and lambda light chains, and compared with a polyclonal antibody to surface membrane immunoglobulin(SmIg).The results showed that in normal peripheral blood cells,the surface antigen expression of kappa (к) and lambda (λ), which can be considered a maturation-linked B cell markers, was fairly constant. The ration of к/λ was about 1.8:1 and total percentage of к and λ, positive cells was similar to that of SmIg. In leukemia patients SmIg positive cell were found in B-cell leukemia and myelomonocytic/monoblastic leukemia.In 14 casses of acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemias the moaochonality of the malignant cells can be clearly recognized by monoclonal antibodies to к or λ. The cells from 11 cases of M4 /Ms leukemia tested by FAB classification showed a hight positive proportion for both к and λ.which implied a polyclonality. Thus it could be a useful tool in the distinction of M4/M5 from other subtypes of acute myeloblastic leukemias such as M1,M2,M3,M6, M7 etc.By comparing the results from к and λ McAbs to SmIg, te possible mechanism under laying these phenomenon was discussed.