CO_2分离捕集技术的现状与进展

Current status and advances in CO_2 separation and capture technology

捕集来自煤、石油、天然气及其他燃料燃烧而产生的CO2,用于提高油田采收率的方法(EOR),既可以缓解资源短缺问题,同时可以缓解由温室效应引起的环境问题。为此,比较了吸附法、胺吸收法、离子液吸收法、CO2水合物分离法、膜分离法和膜基吸收法等CO2捕集方法,认为膜基吸收法由于其可操作性强、工业放大性好、吸收液再生循环效率高等优点,将是未来CO2捕集的主要方法。同时指出应借鉴国外发展经验,进行自主技术创新,研究CO2分离、富集、输送过程的技术难题,进一步克服技术障碍、降低CO2捕集成本,尽早实现CO2分离捕集的工业化,逐步建立适合中国国情的碳捕集技术体系。

Capturing CO2 from the combustion of coal,oil,natural gas and other fuels and using it to improve the recovery ratio is one of the enhanced oil recovery methods (EOR) in oil and gas fields.In this way,it can not only relieve the resources shortage but help reduce greenhouse gas emission.Therefore,through comparison analysis of many different CO2 capturing methods including the absorption method,amine absorption process,ion liquid absorption,CO2-CH4 gas hydrate separation,membrane separation and membrane-based absorption technology,etc.,this study regards that the membrane-based absorption method will be the most promising one in the future for CO2 capture because of its good operability,a wide application area in different industries,a high efficiency of absorbent liquid recycling,and so on.Besides,this paper suggests that some good lessons should be learned from the experiences of other countries to help innovate Chinese own technologies independently,to overcome technical obstacles in the CO2 separation,capture,storage and transmission processes,to reduce the cost of CO2 capture and to realize the industrialization of CO2 separation and capturing as early as possible,thus to establish a CO2 capturing technical system progressively.