不同施肥水平对冬种免耕马铃薯产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of different fertilization rates on yield and benefit of winter potato under no-tillage cultivation

为探讨广西冬季免耕马铃薯高产高效栽培适宜的施肥水平,2008年在平果县进行大田试验研究不同施肥水平对免耕马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在一定施肥范围内,随着施肥水平的提高,虽然免耕马铃薯的株高、茎粗、分枝数、单株结薯数、单株薯重以及产量随之增加,但马铃薯农田纯收益并没有随着施肥水平的提高而增加,单位肥料马铃薯生产量随着施肥水平的提高反而逐渐降低。其中N180P180K360处理的农田纯收益最高,单位肥料生产量也较高。可见,在本试验条件下,每公顷施N180 kg+P2O5180 kg+K2O360 kg(即复合肥1 200 kg+50%硫酸钾360 kg),是比较适宜广西马铃薯免耕高产高效栽培的施肥水平。

Tests on fertilization rate were made in winter potato fields under no-tillage cultivation at Pingguo in 2008 to find the optimal fertilization rate for high yield and high benefit. Results showed that higher fertilization condition increased plant height, stem perimeter, ramification number, tuber set per plant, tuber yield per plant and yield of winter potato under no- tillage cultivation, but not increased benefit of winter potato, and reduced yield of unit fertilizer. N1800P1800K300 is the most profitable rate and it has higher effect of fertilizer on potato yield. Therefore,applying 1 200 kg fertilizer （15-15-15） and 360 kg potassium chloride （45%） per hectare is considered to be reasonable economic optimum application rate in Guangxi for no-tillage winter potato production.