工人自治与民主——葛兰西的工厂委员会思想初探

Worker's Autonomy and Democracy:Study on Gramsci's Thought of Worker's Committee

葛兰西是工人自治的倡导者之一,他把工厂委员会看作无产阶级政权的组织形式,并在早期的一些政论文章中阐述了其代表的产生、职权范围及与工会、社会党的关系。葛兰西的工厂委员会思想产生自工人群众的斗争实践,借鉴了俄国革命的有益经验,故此有着不少合理之处。但是,其理论的局限性也是很明显的,如受到了工团主义和无政府主义的不良影响,且缺乏对无产阶级政党在社会主义革命中的重要作用的系统探讨。

Gramsci is one of the advocates of Worker s Autonomy. He regarded Worker s committee as the organs of proletarian power. In some of his early political essays,he elaborated the chosen of the representatives of the worker s committee,its responsibilities and its relationship with the labor union and the Socialist Party. Gramscis s thought of worker s committee is reasonable in many aspects,because it originated from the struggle practice of workers and borrowed the helpful experience of the Russian Revolution. However, the limits of his theory are clear. He was influenced by syndicalism and anarchynism then, and lacks systematic discussion on the important role of proletarian party in the socialist revolution.