干热河谷生态恢复区土壤水分变化研究

Study on Soil Moisture Variation of Ecological Restoration Area in Dry-hot Valley

选择干热河谷生态修复区为研究对象,利用东川国家泥石流观测研究站修建的径流小区土壤含水量观测资料,通过分析不同土地利用类型下的土壤含水量、不同深度下的土壤含水量和土壤含水量滞后效应对降雨的响应特征,结果显示:(1)在碎石土中实施生态修复后,合欢林对土壤含水量的影响较为显著,对于抑制浅层滑坡具有一定的作用;坡积层土壤中实施生态修复后,石榴+横坡耕作与林草地减小了坡面径流,从而有效地减缓了坡面侵蚀;(2)不同土地利用类型的10cm深度处的土壤含水量对降雨的响应明显,变化幅度大,且含水量受当日降水的影响明显,相关系数在0.35以上。生态修复首先是通过对土壤结构进行改良,然后影响到土壤其他性状,从而使得土壤具有自我调节和孕育其他生物物种条件,环境逐渐得到改善。

This paper select ecological restoration area in dry-hot valley as study object, soil moisture data of runoff plots in State Field Observation and Research Station of Debris Flow in Dongehuan, Yunnan Province, southwestern China was utilized, and then soil moisture of different land use,different depth and lag effect responds to rainfall was studied. The results show that： （1） The soil moisture was significant effected by Albizzia after ecological restoration in gravel soil, it could inhibit shallow landslide; pomegranate forest and transverse slope tillage and forest grassland could reduce slope runoff, so it could mitigation slope erosion after ecological restoration in hillside waste soil; （2） The soil moisture of different in 10 cm depth had large amplitude of changes and responded significantly to rainfall; and it had close correlations with the same day＇s rainfall, the coefficient was above 0.35. The soil structure was improved in first stage of after ecological restoration, and then other biological species could live activities in this condition, so the ecological environment was improved.