安溪县崩岗侵蚀空间分布特征探讨

Study on the Charactistics of Spatial Distribution of Slope Disintegration Erosion in Anxi County

崩岗侵蚀以其侵蚀量巨大危害严重而成为最严重的土壤侵蚀类型,以福建省崩岗侵蚀最严重最典型的安溪县为研究对象,采用实地调查结合GIS的空间分析的方法,全面分析全县的崩岗侵蚀空间分布特征,为进行全县的崩岗侵蚀治理提供科学依据,同时也为全省乃至全国其它地区提供借鉴。研究结果表明:安溪县有崩岗12828个,侵蚀面积2305.42hm2,居全省之首,崩岗个数和面积分别占全省49.29%和31.41%,75.15%崩岗处于活动状态,是全省崩岗侵蚀最严重的地区,形态多样、类型齐全而以瓢形、混合形和弧形为主,全县24个乡(镇)都有崩岗发育,集中分布在东部,特别是东南部的官桥和龙门一带,数量、面积、大小级别、形态和发育阶段等方面都在空间分布上都大致呈现出由东南向西北递减的趋势,因此进行安溪县崩岗侵蚀防治的总体布设应该以东南部的官桥和龙门为主,重点治理的力度由东南向西北递减。

Being as its tremendous amount of erosion and severe disaster, slope disintegration is one type of the most severe erosion. Taking Anxi county as an example, one of the most slope disintegration area in Fujian province, the spatial distribution characteristics of slope disintegration was analyzed, which provided support for controlling slope disintegration in Anxi county, and also could be as example for other similar areas in the whole county. The results showed that Anxi county was the most severe erosion county of slope disintegration in the whole Fujian province as it having 12 828 slope disintegration events and an ero sion area of 2 305. 12 hm2 , which occupied 49.29 percent, 31.41 percent of amount and area respectively in the whole province, and 75. 15 percent of them were in the developing process, ranking the first in the province. Anxi county had all shape of slope disintegration,and ladle, mixed and arc type were prominent types. All 24 towns in the county had slope disintegration, but the east area, especially the southeast area of Guanqiao town and Longmen town, had the higher density. From the southeast area to the northwest area, the spatial distrihution of slope disinlvration, including its amounts, erosion area, class of size, shape and development process, showed a trend of gradually decreasing. Therefore, the control layout should stress on the southeast area of Guanqiao and Longmen town as a whole, with the trend of gradually decreasing control from southeast to northwest.