土壤生态系统稳定性研究进展

Resistance and resilience of soil ecosystem:a review

土壤生态系统稳定性是指土壤生态系统对抗人为干扰和自然剧烈变化的能力,可以由抵抗力和恢复力两个方面来表征。土壤生态系统稳定性是土壤健康指标的核心之一,进行稳定性评价对于土壤健康评价尤其是人为污染和物理干扰后土壤的健康评价具有重要参考价值。与地上生态系统研究结论相似,土壤生态系统稳定性的评价,与所选择的干扰性质和土壤过程密切相关。国内外近年来土壤生态系统稳定性方面的研究进展,主要包括:土壤生态系统稳定性的概念,土壤生态系统稳定性的研究方法,土壤生态系统稳定性的影响因素,保持土壤生态系统稳定性的对策,并提出了问题与展望。

Stability is a basic topic in ecology. As an important component of global ecosystem function,soil ecosystems play an essential role in elemental cycling. Soil ecosystem stability is defined as the inherent ability of a soil ecosystem to resist change and to recover after disturbance. Similar to the studies on macro-ecosystem stability,soil ecosystem stability can be measured using resistance and resilience indexes. Studies in the past decade show that the results of soil ecosystem stability depend largely on the particular soil process and disturbance applied. Commonly used disturbances in experiment trials included heat,Cu and Hg stress,salt stress,and drying-rewetting cycling. Frequently measured microbial processes included basal soil respiration,nitrification,mineralization and bacterial growth rate. Among the factors that can be measured,microbial diversity-stability relationships remain the best surrogate of soil ecosystem stability. Techniques for obtaining soil diversity gradients were developed. Results showed a remarkable ability of soil ecosystems to maintain essential functions under stress that reduced soil microbial diversity significantly. In this paper critical issues in soil ecosystem stability are defined and discussed.