流动、融合与发展——少数民族地区人口流动研究

Mobility,Integration and Development——Research in Floating Population of Minority Areas

人口流动是社会经济发展到一定阶段的必然结果。我国少数民族地区人口流动具有区内流动率高于跨区流动、跨区流动性别比高于区内流动、经济性流动已占据主体地位等特点,形成了少数民族人口向非传统聚居区、汉族人口向少数民族地区的"双向流动"格局。对少数民族地区人口流动原因的分析发现,区内经济和资源压力大是基本原因,生活水平和就业机会区域落差大是直接原因,国家相关政策对少数民族地区的支持是诱导因素。少数民族地区人口流动规模的扩大,不仅对地区人口分布格局和社会经济发展具有重要影响,而且有利于加强各民族的交流与融合,促进国家整体发展水平的提高。

The emergence of the floating population is the result of socio economy development to definite history period. Floating population of minority areas in our country has some characteristics as follows： the rate of regional migration is higher than the cross-flow of the regional migrations, the sex ratio of the cross-flow of the regional migration is higher than regional migration, the economical migration has become the main floating of the status of the characteristics. All of these have formed the ＂two-way-floating＂ pattern which minority population live in non-traditional areas, and Han population floats to the minority areas. Based on the analysis of population movement in the ethnic minority areas, the article points out that the pressures of the economic and the resources are the basic reasons for population movement, the drop height in standard of living and job opportunities are the direct cause of population movement, nation-related population policy is the inducing factors of population movement. The expanding of floating population not only affects the regional patterns of population distribution and socio-eeonomic development, but also conducive to strengthen the national exchanges and integration, and to promote the whole national development.