南京国民政府时期“党国”体制下公务员制度的变异

Changes of the Civil Service System Under the Party State System of the Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府时期公务员制度的建立,既是孙中山思想的体现,也是近代政治制度发展的追求。但"党国"体制下的公务员制度的最根本的出发点是保证国民党的政治利益。国民党的"党国"体制对人才的需求与公务员制度的"政治中立"原则相悖,造成了意识形态化标准与公务员选拔制度的两难,进而不可避免地使得国民党的"党化"标准渗入公务员制度。因此,南京国民政府时期公务员制度在承受"党国"体制的巨大压力下不断地扭曲与变形。

The founding of the civil service system by the Nanjing National Government of the Republic of China was not only the reflection of Sun Yat-sen＇s thoughts, but also the pursuit of the modern political system. However, under the Party-State system, the fundamental aim of the civil service system was to ensure the political interests of the Kuomintang. This paper discusses that the Kuomintang＇s Party- State system＇s demand for talents was contradictory to the principle of ＂politically neutral＂ of the civil service system. This resulted in the dilemma between ideological criterions and civil servants selecting systems, which in turn inevitably led to the infiltration of Kuomintang＇s party standard into the civil service system. Therefore, under the great pressure of the Party-State system, the civil service system witnessed continuous distortion and transmutation during the period of Nanjing National Government.