儒家山水自然观与魏晋山水诗的演进

On the Relationships between Confucian Mountain-Rivered Naturalism and the Literature of Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty

儒家山水自然观偏重阐释人化自然的伦理道德意蕴,包含三个层次:一、将自然山水人格化、道德化,在观山临水过程中体味人生智慧与从政技巧;二、将自然山水作为儒家自我精神独立的象征,赋予其永恒不竭、奋发自强及遁世无闷的超功利的内涵;三、在对山水自然的文学化表现过程中,多将山水意象作为寄寓兴谕的媒介。这三方面均在魏晋诗坛得到不同程度的继承和发展,在理论认识上出现从阮籍、嵇康的"旧自然说"到陶渊明"新自然说"的嬗变,在诗歌创作方面则逐步弱化山水意象的兴谕功能,逐渐将其作为独立的审美客体来观照,为晋宋之际山水诗的成熟、定型奠定了基础。

The connotations of Confucian mountain-rivered naturalism includes three aspects：firstly,to humanize and moralize the images of the mountain and river,meanwhile to experience the wisdoms of life and the tactics for politics;secondly,to signify the images of the mountain and river as the independent Confucian spiritual pursuits and endow it with the ultra-utilitarian connotations;thirdly,to endow the images of the mountain and river with the political and moral functions in the literature.All of these aspects had been developed further in three kindoms and Jin Dynasty.On one hand,the Naturalism focusing on the mountain and river changed from an old one to a new one;on the other hand,the political and moral connotations of the images of the mountain and river declined in the poetic compositions and became the independent aesthetic subject gradually,which shortened the procession of the mountain-rivered poem to its mature patterns in the early phase of Liu Song Dynasty.