民族考古学：定义问题

Ethnoarchaeology:Issues of Definations

中国考古学中关于民族考古学的歧义是由于其定义模糊而引起的。现阶段西方考古学中的民族考古学是作为新考古学的民族考古学,而中国考古学引介的民族考古学仍然从属于第二次世界大战前的研究范式,以殖民主义视角和单线进化主义为基础的两种类比观仍被视为民族考古学的主要方法。新考古学范式下的民族考古学以行为研究为诉求,对比研究对象不再局限在生活在边缘地区的前工业社会少数族群,因此可能称之为人类考古学更为恰当。

The misunderstanding of the concepts on ethnoarchaeology in China is aroused by its ambiguous definitions. While in the West ethnoarchaeology is considered as a branch of the New Archaeology, the concept of ethnoarchaeology in China today is still discussed under the paradigms prevailing before the WWII. Two analytic analogs based on the colonialism and single-lineal evolutionism are still widely accepted. The ethnoarchaeology in the New Archaeology paradigm aims to understand behaviors from material cultures, and the comparison is not necessarily to narrowly focus on the marginal minor ethnic groups which remain in the pre-industrial mode. Therefore, it is more proper to rename ethnoarchaeology as anthropological archaeology.