支气管哮喘患儿急性发作与空气污染及气象变化的相关性

Correlation Analysis between Asthmatic Attack in Children and Air Pollution and Meteorological Changes

目的探讨支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿急性发作与空气污染及气象变化的相关性。方法监测本地区1a内空气污染及气象变化,统计该地区同一时期内儿童哮喘急性发作急诊人数及住院人数,采用直线相关、多元线性逐步回归、等级相关分析方法分别分析空气污染、气象因子指标与哮喘急性发作急诊人数、住院人数间的相关性,并探讨空气污染与气象因子间的相关性。结果大气环境质量及气象因素相辅相成,空气污染及气象变化均不同程度的影响儿童哮喘急性发作。可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、空气污染指数(API)均与儿童哮喘急性发作呈正相关,PM10为主要影响指标,与哮喘相关性最强;儿童哮喘急性发作多发生在秋、冬、春季,与平均气温、最低气温、最高气温呈负相关,与气压呈正相关,且平均气温是影响哮喘发病的主要指标之一。结论空气污染、气象变化是影响儿童哮喘发作的重要因素,应做好环境保护及气象预报工作,尽可能减少其哮喘急性发作。

Objective To explore the relationship between asthmatic attack in children and air pollution and meteorological changes. Methods Monitoring 1 - year local air pollution and meteorological changes. Collecting asthmatic attack numbers in children of emergency and hospitalization in the same area and period. Then the relationship of air pollution, meteorological factors and asthmatic attack numbers in children of emergency and hospitalization were analyzed by straight line correlation, multi - variant linear stepwise regression, rank correlation analytical methods. Results Atmosphere environmental quality and meteorological factors complemented each other. Air pollution and meteorological changes both affected the asthmatic attack in children in different extents. Particules air pollution（ PM10 ）, sulfur dioxide（ SO2 ） and nitrogen dioxide（ NO2 ） and air pollution index（API） all had positive correlation with asthmatic attack in children. PM10 was the major impact index and had the most correlation with asthma. Asthmatic attack in children that often happened in autumn,winter, spring and had negative correlation with average air temperature, minimum of air temperature and maximum of air temperature, as well as the positive correlation with atmospheric pressure. The average air temperature was one of the major index to affect the asthmatic attack. Conclusions Air pollution and meteorological changes are important factors to affect asthmatic attack in children. Environmental protection and meteorological forecast should be done well to reduce the incidence of asthmatic attack as much as possible.