彩色超声体检发现儿童泌尿系统畸形

Congenital Urinary Abnormality in Children Diagnosed by Color Ultrasonography

目的探讨无临床表现儿童先天性泌尿系统畸形的发生情况及超声在筛查和诊断泌尿系统异常的重要性。方法对2008年9月郑州大学第一附属医院所在社区2801例[男1642例,女1159例;年龄1个月～8岁(31.19±21.13月)]无临床表现的儿童进行泌尿系彩色超声体检(美国GELOGIQ9型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5MHz),对发现的各种泌尿系统异常病例进行分析。结果发现2.57%的小儿(共72例;男50例,女22例)存在先天性泌尿系统异常,其中2.03%(57例)为先天性肾积水(左肾积水31例,右肾积水15例,双肾积水11例);0.19%(5例)为肾囊肿(男4例,女1例),其中右肾囊肿3例,双肾囊肿2例;0.11%(3例)为多囊肾(男,均为左肾);0.07%(2例)为孤立肾;海绵肾、重复肾、巨输尿管、异位肾、肾母细胞瘤各1例,各占体检总人数的0.03%。结论彩色超声诊断小儿泌尿系统畸形简便易行,经济实用;无临床表现的小儿先天性泌尿系统畸形多见,以先天性肾积水为主,应引起重视。

Objective To investigate the incidence of the congenital urinary abnormality in Chinese infants and children by using color Doppler ultrasonography. Methods In Sep. 2008,2 801 asymptomatic infants and children（ 1 642 boys and 1 159 girls, aged from 1 to 96 months） were examined by using ultrasonography for screening the urinary abnormality. Congenital urinary abnormality was analyzed statistically. Results Congenital urinary abnormality was found in 72 cases（2.57% ） infants and children （50 boys, 22 girls）, in which, 57 cases （2.03%） with presented hydronephrosis, 5 cases （0. 19% ） with renal cyst, 3 cases （0. 11% ） with polycystic renal disease, 2 cases （0.07%） with solitary kidney and 1 case with （0.03%） sponge kidney, 1 case（0.03% ） with renal duplication, 1 case（0.03% ） with megaloureter, 1 case（0.03% ） with ectopic kidney, 1 case（0.03% ） with nephroblastoma. All cases were transferred the pediatric urological unit and got treatment. Conclusions Congenital urinary abnormality is common in Chinese infants and children. It is important to screen the urinary system in infants and children by using color Doppler ultrasonography to find a early chance of correction of congenital urinary abnormality.