一种基于负载均衡的无线传感器网络分布式定向分簇算法

An Distributed and Directed Clustering Algorithm Based on Load Balance for Wireless Sensor Network

针对无线传感器分簇网络中节点负载不均衡的问题,提出了一种基于负载均衡的分布式定向分簇算法(DDC).DDC算法基于簇的局部信息对节点在下一轮中的能量水平及其负载能力进行预评估,并给出了相应的预评估因子.在每一轮成簇过程中,首先基于节点能量预评估因子将网络分割成适当的分区,然后在每个分区中,根据节点在本轮的负载能力预评估因子选取簇头,前者可以有效保证各分区的能量均衡性,后者可以实现分区内节点的负载平衡.DDC算法的这种特性能将网络能量与节点负载有机结合起来,从而最大限度地延长网络生命周期.实验仿真结果表明,与同类算法相比,DDC算法的能量有效性效果显著,网络中节点负载更加均衡.在网络初始能量异构的情况下,依然表现出良好的适应性和可扩展性.

Clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor network （WSN） have been growing in recent years. In view of the load balance problem during network clustering for WSN, a distributed and directed clustering algorithm based on load balance is proposed （DDC）. In DDC, the pre-evaluation factors which are used for pre-evaluating the energy level and load ability for each node in the next round are presented. During the clustering per round, the whole network is firstly divided into appropriate subareas by the energy pre-evaluation factor, and then the cluster head of each subarea is selected according to the load balance pre-evaluation factor. DDC effectively ensures that the network energy consumption can be decentralized uniformly to every subarea, and that the load for each node in subarea can be balanced. Those characteristics of DDC can organically combine the network energy with the load of node so as to prolong the lifetime of WSN to the greatest extent. The simulation experiments demonstrate that DDC significantly outperforms some similar algorithms such as LEAH and DCHS in terms of energy efficiency, and the load of each node in WSN is more balanced. In the energy-heterogeneous network environments, DDC still has very good adaptability and expandability.