生物多样性分布格局的地史成因假说

Historical hypothesis in explaining spatial patterns of species richness

生物多样性的大尺度分布格局是现代环境与地史过程共同作用的结果。本文从影响机制、参数选择及与现代气候假说的关系等方面回顾了地史成因假说的最新进展,并得出以下认识:(1)地史过程对生物多样性的分布格局有显著影响,但地史过程与现代环境之间强烈的共线性使得两者的影响常叠加在一起;(2)与广域物种的多样性相比,地史过程更有利于解释狭域物种(或特有物种)的多样性;(3)地史过程的参数选择是地史假说所面临的挑战之一,目前所用的指标与现代环境具有显著的共线性,难以直观地体现地史过程对生物多样性的影响,对不同区域内物种系统发育过程的对比或者物种形成速率及灭绝速率分布格局的分析可能有助于评价地史成因假说的影响。

Spatial patterns of biodiversity are results of contemporary climate, disturbance, and geological history. In this paper, we review the historical hypothesis which explains historical importance in shaping biodiversity patterns, focusing on the recent development in its studies on mechanisms, parameter selection, and relative importance of historical factors versus contemporary climate. Based on literature research, we conclude that, （1） the historical events significantly affect the present patterns of biodiversity, and that these effects are masked by the strong collinearity between historical processes and contemporary climate; （2） his- torical processes are more significant in influencing distributional patterns of species with small ranges （or endemic species） than those of wide-spread species; （3） measurement of historical processes is a challenge in testing historical hypothesis, as the surrogates currently used are strongly collinear with contemporary cli- mates. Phylogenetic analysis may be help assess the importance of historical hypothesis in controlling spatial patterns of biodiversity.