长期施有机肥与缺素施肥对潮土微生物活性的影响

Effects of Organic Manure or Mineral Fertilizer Application on Microbial Activity in a Sandy Loam Soil

利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站潮土农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验地,研究长期施有机肥或缺素施肥对农田土壤呼吸强度及酶活性的影响。结果发现,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,施肥处理均不同程度地提高了土壤的呼吸强度及转化酶、脲酶与磷酸酶活性;从N、P、K平衡施肥角度比较,施有机肥(OM)与有机无机配施(1/2OM+1/2NPK)的效果均显著高于施无机肥(p<0.05);从缺素施肥角度分析,缺P显著低于NPK处理(p<0.05),缺N次之,缺K影响较小。结果表明,长期配施有机肥更有利于提高潮土的微生物活性,长期缺施P肥最不利于保育潮土的微生物学质量。

Changes in soil enzyme activities and respiration were investigated in response to a series fertilization regimes in a long-term field experiment in order to evaluate nutrition equipoise in a fluvo-aquic soil at the Fengqiu National Agro-Ecological Experiment Station in Fengqiu, China under different fertilization treatments including control （CK）, nitrogen ＋ potassium （NK）, phosphorus ＋ potassium （PK）, nitrogen ＋ phosphorus （NP） , nitrogen ＋ phosphorus ＋ potassium （NPK）, organic manure （OM）, and I/2OM ＋1/2 NPK. Results showed that soil enzyme activities （invertase, urease and phosphatase） and respiration were significantly influenced by long-term fertilization. In general, organic manure fertilization was more beneficial for improving the soil respiration and soil hydrolytase activities related with the recycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus than chemical fertilizer application. Balanced chemical fertilizer application was more beneficial than unbalanced chemical fertilizer application except the treatment of nitrogen ＋ phosphorus. It suggested that organic manure application will maintain or improve soil quality, especially to soil biochemical properties.