四川紫色浅丘区钉螺分布特征与抑螺防病林布局

Patterns of Oncomelania Distribution and Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Hilly and Mountainous Area in Sichuan

在解析山丘区钉螺分布特征的基础上,提出了浅丘区的抑螺林划分及体系布局。结果表明:①该流域钉螺平均密度为4.05只/0.11m2,活螺框出现率为34.0%;②钉螺密度和活螺出现率均以林地最低,旱地其次,而水田、河滩、荒坡和沟渠较高;③不同环境类型活螺出现率依次为:洲滩>湖滩>沟>河>林地>塘。该区域的抑螺防病林可分为河渠抑螺林、坡地抑螺林、农田抑螺林和多功能抑螺林4种类型,各种林分类型在树种选择、组成、功能上各有不同,但抑螺林的布局必须以降低钉螺密度、减少人畜感染机率为主要目标,同时兼顾经济及生态效益。

An analysis of distribution patterns of Oncomelania in the hilly areas in Sichuan Province was conducted and a deployment strategy of plantation forests for Oncomelania-control was proposed. The results showed that： 1） The mean Oncomelania density was 4.05/0.11 m2, and the occurrence rate of living Oncomelania was 34% in the watershed; 2） The population density of Oncomelania was in the order of paddy fields〉 irrigation canal 〉 wastelands〉 beaches 〉 arable lands〉forestlands; 3） The occurrence of living Oncomelania in different habitat was in the order of paddy fields〉 beaches 〉 wastelands〉 irrigation canal 〉 arable lands 〉woodlands. According to the distribution patterns of Oncomelania in the Hilly and Mountainous areas, the plantation forests for Oncomelania-control were divided into four types： rivers and canals, sloping areas, farmland and multifunction sites, each of which was different in selection of tree species, structure and function. The deployment objective must be focused on reducing population density of Oncomelania and infection rate of human and animals, however, both economic and ecological benefits should also be considered at the meantime.