东北亚教育变革中的文化冲突与融合——对中国、日本、朝鲜和韩国教育变革历程的审视与反思

The Cultural Conflict and Mixture during the Educational Transformation in Northeast Asia——An Examination and Reflection on the Process of Educational Transformation of China, Japan,Korea and South-Korea

东北亚既是一个地理区域也是一个文化区域,儒家文化根深蒂固。从19世纪中后期开始,中、日、朝、韩四国的教育在西方强势文化的冲击下发生了巨大的变革。从四个国家现代教育制度的确立,到二战后国家重建时期的教育发展,再到20世纪70年代以来的教育改革,外来文化都是一个重要的影响力量。然而,四国的文化传统也或潜在或明显地影响着这百余年的教育变革。传统文化不但在深层上决定着教育观念,也作为教育内容被延续下来。东北亚区域教育变革的经历表明,虽然全球化时代的教育与文化交流愈发广泛而深入,但在任何国家的教育改革中,传统文化的影响都是无法摆脱的。

Northeast Asia is both a geographical and cultural region, where Confucianism is deeply rooted and became the core element of their culture traditions. From the mid-19th century, China, Japan and South Korea＇s education have undergone tremendous changes under the impact of the western culture. From the establishment of modem educational systems, to the development of education during the period of reconstruction after World War II and then to the educational reforms since the 1970s, western culture was a significant influencing strength in the three countries. But, the national cultural traditions exerted influence potentially or apparently in the past hundred years of educational reforms. Traditional culture determines the educational concept as well as the contents. The educational changes in Northeast Asia have shown that, in the era of globalization, although educational and cultural exchanges become more extensive and in-depth, but the influences of traditional culture are inescapable in educational reforms for any country.