青岛地区出生缺陷发生的相关因素分析

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Birth Defects in Qingdao

目的:对青岛地区出生缺陷相关因素进行调查分析,为制定出生缺陷干预措施提供参考。方法:2003～2005年青岛市监测的前5位出生缺陷疾病共358例为缺陷组,对照组采用1:2配对,进行回顾性调查,使用统计软件行结果分析。结果:有家族遗传病史和不良孕产史,以及丈夫吸烟、酗酒和孕妇被动吸烟、接触放射线、孕期发热、服药、羊水过多的家庭,出生缺陷的发生风险较高,且两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。家庭经济收入和孕期营养与出生缺陷的发生风险成反比。结论:对出生缺陷相关的宣传教育应有针对性地多方位、多渠道进行,最终使每个待孕家庭将出生缺陷预防变成自觉行为。

Objective：To investigate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of birth defects in order to provide basis for working out the measures for birth defect prevention. Methods： Three hundred and fifty-eight children suffered from birth defects defined as the top 5 morbidity by monitored between 2003 and 2005 in Qingdao and 716 children without birth defects were allocated in the birth defect group and the control group respectively. Results： Compared with the control group,the risk of birth defects showed significantly higher in the birth defect group when the following factors existed independently or coexisted： family history,history of abnormal pregnancy and labor,husbands＇cigarette smoking and alcoholism,wives＇passive smoking,exposure to radiation,as well as suffering from fever and polyhydramnions,taking medicine during pregnancy （ P all 0.01）. There were negative correlations between the risk of birth defects and family income as well as the maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Conclusion： The propaganda and education associated with birth defects should be conducted through various channels,at different levels and in diversified forms,so as to implement the active prevention for birth defect in every family preparing for pregnancy.