济南市长清区农村小学生心理健康水平及其与人格特征的关系

The level of mental health of rural pupils in Jinan city and its relationship with personality characteristics

【目的】了解农村小学生的心理健康水平及其与人格特征的关系,为开展心理干预提供理论依据。【方法】采用小学生心理健康评定量表、儿童十四种人格问卷和一般情况调查表对济南市长清区544名农村小学生进行调查。【结果】济南市长清区农村小学生心理健康偏离总检出率为13.6%,以学习障碍(17.5%)和行为障碍(15.6%)偏离检出率为高。在品德缺陷、不良习惯方面甲校得分明显高于乙校(P<0.05)。在学习障碍、品德缺陷、不良习惯方面男生得分显著高于女生(P<0.05)。除品德缺陷外其他因子六年级的得分均为最低(P<0.05)。相关分析结果表明,人格特征中有9个因子得分与心理健康部分因子得分呈负相关(r=-0.012^-0.267,P<0.05);3个因子得分与心理健康部分因子得分呈正相关(r=0.101~0.192,P<0.05)。【结论】农村小学生的心理健康水平较差,且与人格特征部分因子呈显著相关。建议积极开展心理健康教育、提高乐群性和稳定性水平,预防心理问题的发生。

Abstract. [Objective] To examine the level of mental health of rural pupils and its relationship with personality characteristic, and provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. [Method] 544 students from two rural pri- mary schools in Changqing were selected to complete MHRSP,CPQ and self-questionnaire. [Results] The overall depar- ture rate of psychological problems was 13.6 ~, mainly for the learning disabilities （ 17.5 ~ ）, conduct disorder （ 15.6 ~ ） and so on. In character defects and bad habits school A scored higher than, school B（P^0.05）. In learning disabilities, character flaws and bad habits, boys scored higher than girls（P^0.05）. Except for moral defects, the scores of all sub- scales in sixth-grade students was the lowest（P^0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant negative correlations between nine personality factors and some parts of mental health（r^-0. 012^-0. 267 ,P^O. 05）. There were significant positive correlations between three personality factors and parts of mental health （r= 0. 101 ~0. 192, P^0.05）. [Conclusions] The overall level of mental health in rural pupils is relatively lower, and there are significant correlations between mental health and personality. The mental health education should be actively carried out and their levels of Lequn and stable should be improved in order to prevent the psychological problems.