中东路事件研究中的几个问题

Several Issues in the Studies of the Chinese Eastern Railway Incident

1929年的中东路事件是中苏关系史上的重要事件,学术界虽对此已有不少研究,但由于原始资料不足,对很多问题的研究尚不够深入。争议颇多的起因,就不能简单归结为路权问题,也不是帝国主义联合反苏行动,而是由中苏"共管"体制的矛盾、地缘政治及中方决策失误等多种因素造成的。中东路事件发生后,美、日、英、法、德等大国根据自身的利益采取对策,力图使事态向有利于己的方向发展,结果既未出现南京政府期待的西方大国共同声援中国的情景,也未形成苏联预言的西方大国联合反苏的局面。中东路事件唯一的、真正的获益者是非当事国日本。

The Chinese Eastern Railway Incident of 1929 was an important event in the history of Sino- Soviet relations.Although a lot of research has been done on this issue,much of it remains descriptive due to a scarcity of original materials.The dispute over the Chinese Eastern Railway Incident cannot be simply attributed to rights to the railway,or to concerted anti-Soviet action by the imperialist powers.Rather,the incident was a consequence of a variety of factors,such as conflicts in the system of joint Sino-Soviet management,geopolitical factors and errors in Chinese policy-making.After the incident,all the powers,including the United States,Japan,Britain, France and Germany,tried to exploit the incident to serve their own interests.The Nanjing government hoped that the Western powers would support China,while the Soviets predicted an anti-Soviet union by the Western powers.In the event,neither scenario eventuated.The only true beneficiary of the incident was Japan,which was not a party to it.