相对测量信息不全的航天器相对轨道确定方法研究

Relative Spacecraft Orbit Determination with Incomplete Relative Measurements

针对近圆轨道航天器交会或远距离伴飞相对测量导航过程中,测量信息不全情况下的航天器自主相对轨道确定问题进行了研究。给出适合描述较远距离相对运动的二阶近似模型,并在采用雷达或光学测量的基础上设计了扩展卡尔曼滤波器。数学仿真结果表明,在观测量较少或存在部分区域不可测情况下,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法能够以较高精度估计出目标航天器的相对轨道。

Based on incomplete measurements, an autonomous relative orbit determination method is presented, which is applied to the relative measurement and navigation for near-circular-orbit spacecraft rendezvous. A second-order approximate motion model is proposed to describe the long-distance relative motion. And an extended Kalman filter is designed with the measurements of radar or optical instruments. The simulation results show that the relative orbit is estimated accurately by using the filtering algorithm without enough measurements or even shortly with no measurements.