邓小平与中国的对外开放--1977～1979年的中美关系

Deng Xiaoping and China's Opening to the Outside World:The Sino-American Relations from1977 to 1979

1977年7月邓小平复职后至中共十一届三中全会之前,已经在中美关系上取得重大突破。在中美关系正常化的过程中,邓小平发挥了决定性的作用。1977年8月22日邓小平会见万斯时,明确提出美国在台湾问题上必须坚持废约、撤军、断交三个条件。1978年5月布热津斯基成功访问北京后,中美就两国关系正常化的谈判在北京展开。由于担心中美建交的消息泄露到支持台湾当局的美国国会,双方商定将计划于1979年1月1日发布的中美关系正常化声明提前到1978年12月15日宣布。1978年12月16日,中美发表关于建立外交关系的联合公报。1979年1月底邓小平访问美国,为中美经济和文化交流奠定了基础。

The vital breakthroughs of Sino-American relations were made in the period after Deng Xiaopin was reinstated in July 1977 and before the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC.Deng Xiaoping played a decisive role in the normalization of Sino-American relations.When meeting with Vance on August 22,1977,Deng Xiaopin clearly stated that on the question of Taiwan the United States must end its military pact with the Taiwan authorities,end'diplomatic'relations with them,and withdraw its troops from the island.Following the successful visit to Beijing in May 1978 by Brzezinski talks on normalization of relations between the two countries started in Beijing.As Carter was worried that the news of the establishment of diplomatic relations might be leaked out to pro-Taiwan Residents members of Congress,the two sides agreed to publicly announce the normalization agreement on December 15,1978 instead of waiting until January 1,1979.The Chinese and the American governments announced the joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations on December 16,1978.Deng Xiaoping visited the US at the end of January 1979 and thereby laid foundations for economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries.