受到放射性核素污染的饮用水源应急处理技术研究

An Application Study on Membrane Technology for Emergency Treatment of Nuclide—Contaminated Headwaters

采用超滤作为预处理工艺，纳滤和离子交换柱作为核心单元的膜分离与组合技术．对模拟核爆后被放射性核素污染的水体进行了处理净化，对不同核素的去污系数和出水水质进行了测量。测量结果表明，装置出水水质达到了国家规定的有关应急饮用水卫生标准。对于放射性废水的核素净化率达到了99．3％。实验表明，膜技术对于饮用水水源地污染的处理可以弥补一般放射性污染水体处理技术的不足。经过应急处理后．受到放射性核素污染的水体，有可能成为安全饮水。

An experiment was carried out for treating plutonium-containing water by membrane technology. A composite technology with ultra-filtration （UF） as the pre-treatment process, nano-filtration （NF） and ion exchange columns as the core unit was used to remove nuclides from simulated plutonium-containing water. Technical parameters affecting the nuclide-decontaminating efficiency were tested in the experiment. Results have shown that the removal of 99.3% nuclides would be achieved so that the effluent could meet the requirement of an emergency drinking water standard. This technology could be applied as a new treatment method for headwaters contaminated by nuclides.