从《孔子诗论》到《诗序》的诗教思想发展——以《皇矣》、《大明》、《文王》为例

On the Transference of Thought About Shijing-civilization(诗教) Which Comes from Confucius-Shilum(孔子诗论)to Shishyuh(诗序)——Focus at Huangyi(皇矣)Damin(大明)and Wuang(文王)

《孔子诗论》公布后,再次牵动有关《诗序》问题之讨论,同时也为重新探究"诗教"观念之继承或转化建立起新契机。虽然《孔子诗论》中对于风体诗的评论,明显有重情的趋势,而代表汉代《诗》教思想的《诗序》,又明显注重政治风化之作用,彼此遂产生较大的差异,且显然有思想转化之现象。然而这种《诗》教思想明显转化之痕迹,在《孔子诗论》所评论《大雅》之《皇矣》、《大明》、《文王》三首诗中却非如此,而有继承发展之现象。职此之故,本文将深入此三首史诗的内容,从对比各首诗的诗义以及《诗论》、《诗序》所评论之内容,参照汉代政治之状况,而对《诗》教思想之继承发展情形有更确实的理解。全文之进行:在前言说明为文之动机、目的以及讨论范围之后,进入核心议题,依序讨论此三首诗从诗义到《诗论》,乃至于到《诗序》的诗教思想继承发展之情形,获得更清楚的思想发展脉络。

When Confucius-Shilum has been announced, violent disputation again. Relatively, it also brings the the topic of Shishyuh and Shijing-civilization breaks out new turning point to solve this old problem. Though Confucius-Shilum strongly regards the Guorfeng-style-poem （国风类诗） sentimentally, yet Shishyuh obviously pays great attention in political function. Although there is so much disputation about Guorfeng-style-poem between Confucius-Shilum and Shishyuh, some harmonious development quietly carries on at the same time in Daiya-style-poem （大雅严诗） . Such as about Huangyi, Daminand Wuang, Shishyuh obviously inherits from Confucius-Shilum and makes some development. This article will penetrate this three epic poems context, by contrasting the substantive connotation of these three poems with the discussion in Confucius-Shilum and Shishyuh, then refer to condition of the Han Dynasty politics, to obtain the integral understanding. This article concludes in six parts： First, make a simple preface to express the motives, purpose and discussing sequence of this article. Second, the development of thought at Huangyi： It comes from blossoming pure morality and character to practicing the morality and character. Third, the development of thought at Damin： It comes from God appoints Wuang as the head in the world to God continuously appoints Uang as the head in the world. Fourth, the development of thought at Wuang： It comes from appreciating the morality about Wuang to obtaining the destiny to establish the Chou Dynasty, Fifth, the inheritance and development about Daiya-style-poem from Confucius-Shilum to Shishyuh. The deduction contains two parts of Wuang has identically won the title of monarch model and Shishyuh emphasizes the achievement of morality moral character. Sixth, make a conclusion： Since at the beginning of the political reality in Han Dynasty has extremely caused the Shishyuh to pay great attention to the political enlightened idea.