桑树中的1-脱氧野尻霉素含量变化规律研究

An Investigation to the Contents of 1-Deoxynojimycin in Mulberry Tree

综合桑品种、桑树生长季节、桑树不同药用部位以及桑叶的不同发育阶段等因素探讨桑树(Morus L.)体内1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-deoxynojimycin,1-DNJ)的积累规律,期望发掘富含1-DNJ的生物资源。利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了18个代表性桑品种的摘芯芽和2个桑品种全年不同季节、不同发育时期的桑叶以及不同季节桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量,并测定了与桑树亲缘关系相近的构树(Broussonetia papyrifera L.)等7种植物中的1-DNJ含量。在18个供试桑品种的摘芯芽中,1-DNJ含量以秋雨和沙2×伦教109最高,质量分数均达0.328 0%左右,黄鲁的1-DNJ含量最低。农桑14号和陕桑305两个桑品种冬、春季不同发育时期桑叶中的1-DNJ含量以冬芽最高,质量分数分别达到0.345 3%、0.255 7%,在开叶期和叶片成熟期较高,在缓慢生长期较低;不同季节桑叶中1-DNJ的含量均是嫩芽>嫩叶>成熟叶>老叶,其中嫩芽和嫩叶中1-DNJ含量以晚秋最高,成熟叶中以夏季最高,而老叶中的1-DNJ含量以春季最高;桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量以中秋和晚秋期较高,夏季最低。测定的7种非桑属植物均不含1-DNJ。结果说明桑树是富含1-DNJ的主要植物资源,其中在桑园管理过程可以大量获得的桑树摘芯芽以及桑树伐条剪下的桑枝(桑皮)中均富含1-DNJ,具有重要的开发利用价值。

Having comprehensively considered such factors as mulberry variety,mulberry growth season,various medicinal portions,and various developmental stages of mulberry leaves,the present study aimed to reveal the variation regularity of 1-DNJ（1-deoxynojimycin） content in mulberry tree（Morus L.） and to explore biological resources rich in 1-DNJ.Reverse high performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure 1-DNJ contents in tender buds of 18 representative mulberry cultivars and in leaves of different developmental stages in different seasons and barks of 2 mulberry cultivars.Meanwhile,1-DNJ contents of 7 plant species which have close relationship with mulberry,such as Broussonetia papyrifera L.,were also determined.In tender buds of all 18 tested mulberry cultivars,Qiuyu and Sha 2×Lunjiao 109 had the highest levels of 1-DNJ content,with mass fraction as high as about 0.328 0%.Huanglu had the lowest 1-DNJ content.During different developmental stages of both winter and spring,winter buds of both cultivars Nongsang 14 and Shansang 305 had the highest 1-DNJ contents,leaves at opening stage and maturing stage had reduced 1-DNJ contents,and those at tardy growth stage had a further lowered 1-DNJ level.In mulberry leaves of different seasons,1-DNJ contents were all in the order as tender buds 〉 tender leaves 〉 mature leaves 〉 aging leaves.Among them,1-DNJ contents of tender buds and tender leaves were the highest in late autumn,that of mature leaves was the highest in summer,that of aging leaves was the highest in spring,and that of barks was relatively higher in mid autumn and late autumn and lowest in summer.No 1-DNJ was detected in 7 non-mulberry plant species.In conclusion,mulberry is a major biological resource rich in 1-DNJ.Mulberry tender leaves and barks which are generally in large supply in the management of mulberry field could be utilized to develop valuable products due to its rich 1-DNJ content.